Citrus (Citrus spp.) fruits: oranges, lemons, limes, and grapefruits, are a key source of vitamin C, income and agricultural exports in over 140 countries. Brazil, China, India, and Mexico are among the top producers.
Major pests/pathogens:
- Citrus Canker
- Huanglongbing (HLB) or Citrus Greening
- citrus leaf miner
- Aphids
- mealybugs
Economic value:
- The global citrus market is valued at approximately $134.55 billion in 2025, with significant contributions from fresh fruit and juice production.
- Citrus fruits are a major export commodity, with oranges alone accounting for over half of global citrus production.
- Top importers: United States, Germany, Netherlands.
- Top exporters: Spain, South Africa, Turkey.
Cultural value:
- In Mediterranean cultures, citrus fruits symbolize luxury and prosperity, often featured in art and rituals.
- Citrus fruits have been celebrated in myths, such as the "Golden Apples" in Greek mythology.
Fun facts:
- Citrus plants originated in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Oceania.
- Citrus trees are perennial and can live for 50 years or more.