Describes the PRA process within the scope of the IPPC. It introduces the three stages of PRA – initiation, pest risk assessment and pest risk management. ISPM 2 focuses on the initiation stage. Generic issues important to PRA such as information gathering, documentation, risk communication, uncertainty and consistency are addressed in ISPM 2. A PRA is compilation of available information that is used to identify what phytosanitary measures are needed and, if so, which measures are appropriate. A PRA may be developed for organisms not previously recognized as pests (such as plants, biocontrol agents or other beneficial organisms, or living modified organisms - LMOs), for recognized pests, for pathways and for review of phytosanitary policies.

ISPM 2 link: https://www.ippc.int/en/publications/592/

Provides details for the conduct of PRA. It describes the processes used in risk assessment as well as the selection of risk management options. ISPM 11 has two supplements:

• S1 - Includes details on analysis the risks of plant pests to the environment and biological diversity, including those risks affecting uncultivated / unmanaged plants, wild flora, habitats and ecosystems in the PRA area. Some explanatory comments on the scope of the IPPC concerning environmental risks are given in Annex 1.
• S2 - Includes guidance on evaluating risks to plants and plant products posed by LMOs.

ISPM 11 link: https://www.ippc.int/en/publications/639/

Certain pests that are not quarantine pests are subject to phytosanitary measures because their presence in plants for planting results in economically unacceptable impacts associated with the intended use of those plants. Such pests, known as regulated non-quarantine pests (RNQPs), are present and are often widespread in the importing country, and their economic impact should be known. The objectives of a PRA for RNQPs are, to identify pests associated with plants for planting, to evaluate their risk and, if appropriate, to identify risk management options to achieve a tolerance level. It describes the integrated processes to be used for pest risk assessment and the selection of risk management options to achieve an appropriate pest tolerance level.

ISPM 21 link: https://www.ippc.int/en/publications/601/

This standard provides guidelines for risk management related to the export, shipment, import and release of biological control agents and other beneficial organisms. It lists the related responsibilities of contracting parties, national plant protection organizations (NPPOs) or other responsible authorities, importers and exporters. The standard addresses biological control agents capable of self-replication (including parasitoids, predators, parasites, nematodes, phytophagous organisms, and pathogens such as fungi, bacteria and viruses), as well as sterile insects and other beneficial organisms (such as mycorrhizae and pollinators), and includes those packaged or formulated as commercial products. Provisions are also included for import for research in quarantine stations of non-indigenous biological control agents and other beneficial organisms.

ISPM 3 link: https://www.ippc.int/en/publications/600/

This standard categorizes commodities according to their pest risk using commodity characteristics such as whether the commodity has been processed, and if so, the method and degree of processing as well as its intended use. This allows specific commodities to be assigned to categories according to their pest risk. It provides importing countries with information to facilitate the possible establishment of commodity import requirements

ISPM 32 link: https://www.ippc.int/en/publications/587/

The standard provides guidance to NPPOs in identifying, assessing and managing the pest risk associated with the international movement of seeds. It also provides guidance on procedures to establish phytosanitary import requirements to facilitate the international movement of seeds; on inspection, sampling and testing of seeds; and on the phytosanitary certification of seeds for export and re-export.

ISPM 38 link: https://www.ippc.int/en/publications/84340/

The standard provides guidance for the assessment of the pest risk of wood and describes phytosanitary measures that may be used to reduce the risk of introduction and spread of quarantine pests associated with the international movement of wood, in particular those that infest trees. Pest risk varies among wood commodities depending on their level of processing. Therefore, NPPOs should use PRA to provide the necessary technical justification for phytosanitary import requirements for quarantine pests associated with the international movement of wood.

ISPM 39 link: https://www.ippc.int/en/publications/84341/

This standard provides guidance for the assessment of the pest risk of growing media associated with plants for planting and describes phytosanitary measures to manage the pest risk. The PRA should provide the necessary technical justification for phytosanitary import requirements for growing media in association with plants for planting. Pest risk management options for growing media associated with plants for planting are described in this standard.

ISPM 40 link: https://www.ippc.int/en/publications/84342/

This standard identifies and categorizes pest risk of used vehicle, machinery and equipment (VME) utilized in agriculture, forestry, horticulture, earth moving, surface mining, waste management and by the military being moved internationally and identifies appropriate phytosanitary measures. It does not cover passenger and commercial transport vehicles moving under their own motive power. It describes phytosanitary measures that may apply to used VMEthat can be used during the third stage of the PRA – risk management.

ISPM 41 link: https://www.ippc.int/en/publications/84343/

This standard provides guidance on the purpose, use, content, publication and review of commodityspecific standards (hereafter referred to as “commodity standards”) for phytosanitary measures. Such standards, presented as annexes to this overarching concept standard, apply to commodities being moved in international trade and identify pests associated with these commodities and options for relevant phytosanitary measures to be considered by contracting parties.

ISPM 46 link: https://www.ippc.int/en/publications/91184/